Financing pattern research of heat metering and energy efficiency retrofit for existing residential buildings in China’s northern heating region

 With the current situation of heat metering and energy efficiency retrofit, analyses the financing pattern that involves the central government, local government, property owners, finance departments, real-estate developers, energy service companies, heating enterprises and residents. Summarizes the current financing pattern, analyses systematically the main obstacles to financing at current stage, and designs the feasible future retrofit pattern combined with the developing tendency of the energy efficiency retrofit in the 12th five-year plan.